BT Tower
The BT Tower, originally known as the GPO Tower and later the Post Office Tower, stands as a Grade II listed communications tower in Fitzrovia, London. Owned by BT Group, this iconic structure was completed in 1964 and has played a crucial role in London’s skyline and communications infrastructure.
Historical Background and Construction
The BT Tower was commissioned by the General Post Office (GPO) to support microwave aerials for telecommunications traffic across the UK. Designed by Eric Bedford and G. R. Yeats, the tower was constructed on Howland Street and stood as a revolutionary structure in its time. The design's narrow cylindrical shape was essential for the aerials' line of sight, ensuring minimal movement in high winds. Construction began in June 1961, and the tower was topped out on 15 July 1964. Officially opened by Prime Minister Harold Wilson on 8 October 1965, it reached a height of 581 feet (177 m), with additional aerials bringing the total height to 620 feet (189 m).
Architectural and Engineering Marvel
The tower's design is notable for its concrete cladding and glass facade, with a unique cylindrical form. Its foundations, sunk through 53 meters of London clay, consist of a concrete raft reinforced with six layers of cables. The structure features sixteen floors of technical equipment, a 35-meter section for microwave aerials, and six floors above for offices, kitchens, and a revolving restaurant. This restaurant, called ‘Top of the Tower’, was prefabricated and rotated every 23 minutes, offering panoramic views of London.
Opening and Public Access
The BT Tower opened to the public on 19 May 1966, with visits including viewing galleries, a souvenir shop, and the revolving restaurant. It quickly became a popular attraction, with nearly one million visitors in its first year. Queen Elizabeth II visited the tower on 17 May 1966, marking a significant moment in its history. The restaurant was a major draw, serving meals for around £4, and the tower’s observation floors offered stunning views of the city.
Notable Events and Security Incidents
The tower’s prominence made it a target for security incidents, including a bombing on 31 October 1971 by the Angry Brigade. This attack damaged the restaurant and led to tighter security, closing public access to the restaurant and eventually the tower itself. Despite this, the tower continued to host events, including BBC’s Children in Need telethon, maintaining its iconic status.
Advances in Technology and Communication
Over the decades, the BT Tower has adapted to technological advancements. It was crucial for early microwave links and later became central to the UK's communications network. The tower’s LED display, introduced in the early 2000s, illuminates the skyline with a 360° light show, symbolizing BT’s “connected world” ethos. In 2009, a new LED-based display system was installed, becoming the largest of its kind globally.
Cultural Impact and Popularity
The BT Tower’s distinctive shape and historical significance have made it a prominent feature in popular culture. It has appeared in films like "The Bourne Ultimatum" and "V for Vendetta," and TV shows such as "Doctor Who" and "Danger Mouse." Its portrayal in media, including the "Goodies" episode “Kitten Kong,” has cemented its status as a cultural landmark.
Future Developments and Preservation
In February 2024, BT Group announced the sale of the tower to MCR Hotels, who plan to convert it into a hotel while preserving its architectural integrity. The tower’s legacy as a communications hub and cultural icon is set to continue, maintaining its place in London’s landscape and history.
The BT Tower remains a testament to London’s innovative spirit and architectural prowess. From its role in pioneering communications to its status as a cultural icon, the tower continues to captivate and inspire. Whether you’re interested in its history, architecture, or its place in popular culture, the BT Tower stands as a symbol of London’s enduring legacy.
